Re: Volkswagen Constellation
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Volkswagen ConstellationVolkswagen Constellation tractor unit
Manufacturer Volkswagen Trucks and Buses
Parent company MAN SE
Also called MAN Constellation
Production 2005-present
Assembly Resende, Brazil[1]
Class Commercial vehicle - truck
Body style(s) Tractor unit, Chassis cab, Flatbed - all "cab-over-engine"
Fuel capacity 275–620 L (60.5–136.4 imp gal; 72.6–163.8 USgal)[1]The Volkswagen Constellation is the flagship truck from Volkswagen Trucks and Buses line, covering the 13-57 tonne gross combination mass (GCM)[1] segment. It is produced at Resende in Brazil,[1] and is primarily for the South American market.
The truck, a "cab-over-engine" released September 2005, was designed in Volkswagen's Wolfsburg Design Studio at Volkswagen Group Headquarters, but engineered by Volkswagen Truck and Bus, in Brazil, South Africa, and mainland Europe - on a rigorous 7 million kilometre test phase over a four-year period.[2]
In 2006, Renato Martins won the Brazilian FĂłrmula Truck Championship in the Constellation's first season racing.
VariantsThe cab is available in daycab[1] and sleeper cab[1] configurations.
It is available in the following internal combustion engine / payload configurations: 13.180[1] and 15.180[1] with 180 hp (134 kW; 182 PS) MWM International Motores; 17.250,[1] 24.250 6x2[1] and 19.320 Titan[1] with 250 hp (186 kW; 253 PS)[1] or 320 hp (239 kW; 324 PS)[1] Cummins diesel engines.[1] A further three models were subsequently launched in 2007; a 19.370,[1] 25.370,[1] and 31.370,[1] with a Volkswagen Trucks and Buses engineered[1] and MWM produced[1] 370 hp (276 kW; 375 PS) Volkswagen NGD 370 diesel engine.[1]
PowertrainVW NGD 370 engineThe Volkswagen Group NGD 370 turbodiesel engine premiers new attributes for the heavy trucks sector. The high "flat" torque at low engine speeds is improved by a variable geometry turbo-compressor: the Multi Turbo System - MTS.[1] Its cylinder head features four valves per cylinder,[1] displaces 9,354 cubic centimetres (570.8 cu in)[1] (9.3 litres), and generates 367 horsepower (274 kW; 372 PS) at 2,000 rpm.[1] It also features the Dual Power Brake – DPB.[1]
It also features an exclusive high pressure direct fuel injection system, the Hydraulic Electronic Unit Injector - HEUI[1] – with electro-hydraulic digital unit injectors[1] and extended durability, developed by the partner company Siemens/VDO.[1] An important advantage is the removable wet cylinder liners which will assist with easier maintenance and lower costs.[1]
Its Multi Turbo System (MTS) turbine with variable vane geometry, is electronically controlled.[1] This helps achieve faster responses, better performance, and better thermal efficiency.[1] This also works as part of the engine brake retarder in the exhaust system.[1] The water-cooled exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) system, coupled with the cylinder block, reutilises part of the exhaust gasses, producing combustion at lower temperatures with less discharge rates.[1]
It includes a new engine brake system, the Dual Power Brake (DPB) fed into the cylinder head, is electronically integrated into the turbocharger.[1] It is claimed that the advantages are: increasing the operational average speed, the brake force, safety, retaking with fuel reduction, and speed on downward slopes.[1] This means less gear shifts, lower maintenance costs, and helps improve the service life of the brakes and tyres.[1]
TransmissionClutches on all variants are the hydraulically operated with pneumatic assistance single-plate diaphragm type.[3] All are supplied by ZF Sachs,[3] and range in diameter from 362 millimetres (14.3 in)[3] to 430 millimetres (16.9 in).[1][3] The engine output is routed through a variety of transmissions. One option is the ZF 16S 1685 TD 16-speed manual synchromesh transmission.[1] This latest ZF box is 80 kilograms (176 lb) lighter than existing models,[1] due to its all-aluminium alloy casings.[1] It has a torque handling capacity of 1,800 newton metres (1,328 ft·lbf).[1]
The 6x2 variants use a Meritor MS 23-185 tractive rear axle,[1] and this has a maximum capacity of 60 tons.[1] It includes a series differential locking system when used on the VW 25.370 tractor unit.[1]
The 6x2 variants also have the facility for partial or total lifting of the third axle,[1] which helps achieve better traction, particularly on slopes.[1] This Extra Traction Device (ETD) ensures part of the third axle load, during partial lifting, is transferred to the tractive axle.[1]
6x4 variants utilise Meritor MD/MR 25-168 tractive rear axles,[1] and are located via Randon S.A. rear suspension (bogie type rigid shafts in tandem).[1]
źródło: wikipedia (en)